Procedure and Vascular Access Routes
An endomyocardial biopsy is an invasive procedure where small tissue samples (usually 1–2 mm) are taken from the inner lining of the heart. In 2026, the procedure is typically performed in a cardiac catheterization lab under local anesthesia.
Right Ventricular (RV) Access: The most common route. Surgeons use the right internal jugular vein or the femoral vein. By 2026, the brachial/radial venous access (via the arm) has gained popularity for increased patient comfort and a lower risk of neck-related complications.
Left Ventricular (LV) Access: Though historically considered riskier, LV biopsies are now standard in 2026 for diseases that primarily affect the left side of the heart (like certain myocarditis types). This is usually performed via the radial or femoral artery.